Systematic hermeneutic review of the analysis of the academic
management process, in cohesion to school management, educational
quality and efficiency and effectiveness, for the institutional
improvement of a public school in Antioquia, Colombia. Period 2019-
2024
..........................................
Revisión sistemática de carácter hermenéutico del análisis del proceso de la gestión
académica, en cohesión a la gestión escolar, la calidad educativa y la eficiencia y
eficacia, para el mejoramiento institucional de un colegio público en Antioquia,
Colombia. Periodo 2019- 2024
Fernando Augusto Poveda Aguja
1
Nilton Renan Quintero Ortiz
2
ABSTRACT
This systematic bibliometric review article of
hermeneutic analytical character arises as a
complement to the project "Management of
educational projects to optimize institutional
processes - Educational project of effective
school management for the quality assurance
of the quality of education - an approach in the
Colombian context-regions"; it analyzes
academic management in relation to the
categories school management, educational
quality, efficiency and effectiveness, as a
whole. It is a quantitative research, of non-
experimental design, with explanatory,
correlational methodology, by means of
multivariate analysis, principal components
and structuring equations. It is developed in
the Institución Educativa Rural El Jordán, in
San Carlos, Antioquia, with 420 students, 1
director and 27 teachers, distributed in 12
Received: March 28, 2023
Approved: June 11, 2023
...........................................
1 Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios -
UNIMINUTO, Post-doctorate in discourse,
curriculum, research training, Doctor Education
and Techonology educational. research professor
Master in Education, fpovedaa@uniminuto.edu.co,
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8149-9963 ,
https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizad
or/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001460344
2 Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios -
UNIMINUTO, Student Master in Education,
nilton.quintero@uniminuto.edu.co,
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1087-4954 ,
https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizad
or/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002068765
Systematic hermeneutic review of the analysis of the academic management process, in cohesion to school management,
educational quality and efficiency and effectiveness, for the institutional improvement of a public school in Antioquia,
Colombia. Period 2019- 2024
Vol 3 - No 2 July - December e-ISSN 2745-1194 Pages 156-175
157
sites) the sample corresponds to the main site
(151 students and 8 teachers). The purposive
sampling technique was used, taking into
account the access conditions (rural area).
Among the findings, it is found that there is no
cohesion between the different related
categories in theoretical terms. Furthermore, it
can be inferred that the topic of academic
management is more reflected in higher
education due to accreditation processes or
specific programs, while at lower levels it is a
topic of institutional organization.
Keywords: school management; academic
management; educational quality; efficiency
and efficacy; education
RESUMEN
Este artículo de revisión bibliométrico
sistemático de carácter analítico hermenéutico
surge como complemento al proyecto “Gestión
de proyectos educativos para optimizar los
procesos institucionales - Proyecto educativo
de gestión escolar efectiva para el
aseguramiento de la calidad de la calidad de la
educación – una aproximación en el contexto
colombiano-regiones”; analiza la gestión
académica en relación con las categorías
gestión escolar, calidad educativa, eficiencia y
eficacia, como un todo. Investigación de tipo
cuantitativa, de diseño no experimental, con
metodología explicativa, correlacional,
mediante análisis multivariado, componentes
principales y ecuaciones estructurantes. Se
desarrolla en la Institución Educativa Rural El
Jordán, de San Carlos, Antioquia, cuenta con
420 estudiantes, 1 directivo y 27 docentes,
Systematic hermeneutic review of the analysis of the academic management process, in cohesion to school management,
educational quality and efficiency and effectiveness, for the institutional improvement of a public school in Antioquia,
Colombia. Period 2019- 2024
Vol 3 - No 2 July - December e-ISSN 2745-1194 Pages 156-175
158
repartidos en 12 sedes) la muestra corresponde
a la sede principal (151 estudiantes y 8
profesores). Se utilizó la técnica de muestreo
intencional, teniendo en cuenta las
condiciones de acceso (zona rural). Dentro de
los hallazgos se encuentra que no existe en
términos teóricos una cohesión entre las
diferentes categorías relacionadas. Además, se
puede inferir que el tema de gestión académica
se ve más reflejado en la educación superior
debido a procesos de acreditación o por
programas específicos, mientras que en niveles
inferiores es tema de organización
institucional.
Palabras clave: gestión escolar; gestión
académica; calidad educativa; eficiencia y
eficacia; educación
Introduction
The Institución Educativa Rural El Jordán, located in a rural area of the municipality
of San Carlos Antioquia, like many other educational institutions in Colombia, faces
the challenge of improving the quality of education offered to its students. Despite the
efforts made by the teaching and administrative staff, as well as the resources
available, year after year there is a persistence of similar results in the external tests
that evaluate the quality of education in the national context. Addressing this problem
is crucial to ensure a better academic and personal future for students and to raise the
prestige and effectiveness of the institution in the educational community.
Several studies highlight the importance of academic management, among them we
find Owan, Nwannunu and Madukwe (2018) who point out that students' academic
performance is influenced by factors such as disciplinary control, classroom
management and teacher motivation, but student motivation and support at home
should also be considered. Charles and Mkulu (2020) identify multiple factors that
affect teaching and learning, such as lack of teachers, insufficient infrastructure, and
limited resources, highlighting the need to address these challenges to improve
educational quality. Ríos (2021) presents the proposal "Iceberg of Academic
Systematic hermeneutic review of the analysis of the academic management process, in cohesion to school management,
educational quality and efficiency and effectiveness, for the institutional improvement of a public school in Antioquia,
Colombia. Period 2019- 2024
Vol 3 - No 2 July - December e-ISSN 2745-1194 Pages 156-175
159
Management" to improve official educational institutions in Monteria, highlighting
the importance of academic management in educational quality. Roa and Sarria
(2018) develop a model based on processes and protocols to address low academic
performance, highlighting the need to adapt these approaches to different contexts.
Múnera (2014) proposes a plan to improve academic management in Puerto Triunfo,
focused on strengthening teachers' skills and the collaboration of all educational
actors. Toro (2020) highlights improvements in the Synthetic Index of Educational
Quality (ISCE) in Rioacha, but emphasizes that the ISCE does not automatically
guarantee superior performance on external tests. It highlights the importance of
considering other factors in the evaluation of educational quality. Ducón (2018)
proposes an improvement approach in Yopal, Casanare, focusing on pedagogical
design and advocating for coordination between area plans and classroom plans,
especially in rural contexts.
Therefore, it became necessary to analyze academic management in cohesion with
categories such as school management, efficiency, effectiveness and quality in order to
establish an effective model to achieve such quality. As a first step to achieve this end,
the present study sought to conduct a systematic bibliometric review of hermeneutic
character within the framework of the collaborative applied research project called
Management of Educational Projects to optimize Institutional Processes - Educational
project of effective school management for the assurance of the quality of education -
An approach in the Colombian context - regions of the Universidad Minuto de Dios.
The research carried out allowed identifying the shortcomings and needs in the
educational context of the educational institution, which led to establish the model of
effective academic management for the assurance of educational quality.
Given the above, it was necessary to identify the categories of school management,
academic management, educational quality, efficiency and effectiveness. Each of the
categories has an important conceptual basis that contributed to this research;
however, one of the ideas was to unite them into a single argument that has to do with
the assurance of educational quality. In this sense, we start by conceptualizing the
categories beginning with academic management, since it is the essence of the work
carried out by the educational institution, which is reflected in how it directs its efforts
towards the achievement of learning and the development of essential skills in
students, covering personal, social and professional aspects (MEN, 2008, p.29).
On the other hand, academic management is responsible for guiding and improving
procedures related to the Institutional Educational Project (PEI), which is the guiding
document of schools and colleges, detailing, among other elements, the values and
Systematic hermeneutic review of the analysis of the academic management process, in cohesion to school management,
educational quality and efficiency and effectiveness, for the institutional improvement of a public school in Antioquia,
Colombia. Period 2019- 2024
Vol 3 - No 2 July - December e-ISSN 2745-1194 Pages 156-175
160
goals of the institution, the educational resources required and available, the
pedagogical methodology, the regulations for the teaching staff and students, as well
as the administration system (MEN, 2017). In addition, it assumes responsibility for
pedagogical practices and processes linked to curricular design, class administration,
curriculum structure, academic performance monitoring and the institutional
evaluation system. Similarly, these procedures are the foundation of the educational
approach and its strategic actions, which are guided by the academic councils and
academic coordinations.
Regarding the notion of Management, it can be described as an organized disciplinary
field that relates to human activity in organizations, with the fundamental purpose of
achieving results (Barrera, 2007). For Cassasus (2000) Management can be
interpreted as The ability to create an adequate relationship between structure,
strategy, systems, approach, competencies, team and the main objectives of the
specific organization. As far as Management is concerned, it can be considered from
the perspective of administration, with the objective of organizing and directing
teamwork to achieve specific goals.
It is important to recognize that management takes place at various levels and
performs various functions. Educational management involves policies, approaches
and resources to provide educational services. Academic Management, on the other
hand, focuses on aspects such as faculty, curriculum design, teaching methodologies,
educational assessment, research and innovation to promote student learning
(Barrera, 2007).
Considering the above, it is possible to establish a connection between Educational
Management and Pedagogical Management in order to achieve an efficient and
successful functioning of the educational system. Thus, the management process is
linked to the improvement of the quality of education through the evaluation of
competencies applied to all aspects of the educational environment, with the goal of
achieving positive results.
For Pereyra (2016), the concept of educational quality originated in the business
environment, where it focused on evaluating the conditions in which products were
produced with the purpose of satisfying consumer demands. Over time, this approach
expanded to other contexts, including education. With the creation of public
education, there was a growing concern for its quality. Each government, as it assumes
power, introduces its own interpretation of educational quality, which is strongly
influenced by economic and regional considerations and the specific needs of
communities. Programs designed with this objective in mind seek to be implemented
Systematic hermeneutic review of the analysis of the academic management process, in cohesion to school management,
educational quality and efficiency and effectiveness, for the institutional improvement of a public school in Antioquia,
Colombia. Period 2019- 2024
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in educational institutions, with teachers playing a central role as the change agents
necessary to achieve the elusive quality standard.
In 2015, the Colombian Ministry of National Education (MEN) through Decree 0325
of February 25 established E-Day, known as Educational Excellence Day, with the
purpose that all educational institutions reflect on their processes and educational
quality results measured through the Educational Quality Synthetic Index (ISCE) and
Minimum Annual Improvement (MMA). The ISCE evaluates four components:
progress, efficiency, performance and school environment. Efficiency seeks to balance
school performance and passing grades, progress measures improvement in relation
to the previous year, performance recognizes the best results in Saber tests, and school
environment evaluates the context in which classes take place.
Effectiveness, on the other hand, is related to the progress of its students according to
their skills and knowledge to ensure that they achieve success in what they set out to
do; an effective school is characterized by achieving a complete progress in each
student, which exceeds expectations considering their academic history and the
socioeconomic and cultural context of their families (Murillo, 2005). To achieve the
above, it is necessary to continuously review the teaching-learning processes in
accordance with the policies and educational contexts, taking into account the
particular needs of students, for which it is necessary to consider the principle of equity
from which each one is offered according to their characteristics, thus recognizing the
common needs, but also those that are particular, defending the importance of
diversity (Materón, 2016).
For an educational institution to reach higher levels of quality, it is essential that it
meets not only the standards of effectiveness and efficiency, but also the requirements
of relevance, pertinence and equity, as argued by Aguerrondo (2008). These elements
are considered complementary to the concept of efficiency. In any case, research
focused on school effectiveness emerges as a valuable source of knowledge that will
undoubtedly contribute to the provision of high quality education within the reach of
all.
Materials and methods
The research was conducted using a mixed approach, employing a systematic
documentary review. Following Sampieri's (2018) perspective, this approach implies
approaching the object of study from two different perspectives; one of them is related
to the measurement and application of procedures designed to establish connections
between predefined variables, and this analysis is based on a hermeneutic approach.
Systematic hermeneutic review of the analysis of the academic management process, in cohesion to school management,
educational quality and efficiency and effectiveness, for the institutional improvement of a public school in Antioquia,
Colombia. Period 2019- 2024
Vol 3 - No 2 July - December e-ISSN 2745-1194 Pages 156-175
162
On the other hand, from the qualitative aspect, a bibliometric review is carried out
with a descriptive approach with the objective of clarifying its meaning through the
review of documents. For the research, the period 2018- 2024 was taken from the
Scopus database using the Boolean equation of referential categories thus:
Management AND academic, management AND school, educational AND qualiyi,
efficense AND efficasenses, AND education, the results were analyzed from descriptive
terms through the frequency of authors, countries, categories and subject matter. We
started with 6,236 documents, so the search was limited to key words and 199 of them
were analyzed. The VOSviewer analysis platform was then applied to determine the
consolidated nodes and networks.
ALL ( academic AND management AND + AND school AND management AND + AND
educational AND quality AND + AND efficiency AND effectiveness AND + AND
education ) AND PUBYEAR > 2018 AND PUBYEAR < 2024 AND ( LIMIT-TO (
SUBJAREA , "SOCI" ) OR LIMIT-TO ( SUBJAREA , "ARTS" ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO (
EXACTKEYWORD , "Education" ) OR LIMIT-TO ( EXACTKEYWORD , "Efficiency" )
OR LIMIT-TO ( EXACTKEYWORD , "Effectiveness" ) OR LIMIT-TO (
EXACTKEYWORD , "Education Policy" ) OR LIMIT-TO ( EXACTKEYWORD ,
"Secondary Education" ) OR LIMIT-TO ( EXACTKEYWORD , "Organization And
Management" ) OR LIMIT-TO ( EXACTKEYWORD , "Educational Policy" ) OR
LIMIT-TO ( EXACTKEYWORD , "Quality" ) ). Next, the hermeneutic approach was
applied for the analysis through the understanding and interpretation of the texts
found (Palmer, 1969), specifically seeking to give meaning to the results from the
categories Management AND academic, management AND school, educational AND
quality, Efficense AND efficasenses. First, the articles that defined the object of the
research were identified; then, the articulation with the categories and thematic areas
was recognized, concepts were added and analyzed from their proximity, as well as the
elements shared among the groups of definitions that were consolidated in the nodes;
finally, the final approach to the theoretical framework was generated.
For the development of the hermeneutic application, the study was related according
to Table 1, where the object is raised and related to the selection equation, the title,
summary, key words, relating the concepts of academic management, where the
definitions were recognized in their first element in the selection arranged. For the
selection of authors according to the mapping achieved through Vosviewer, the
clusters produced by the program were taken as a reference and from each of them the
authors with the greatest strength or prominence were selected. From the above, 50
authors were obtained as input, which are housed in a table where they were taken
into account to carry out the segmentation firstly by the appearance of categories in
Systematic hermeneutic review of the analysis of the academic management process, in cohesion to school management,
educational quality and efficiency and effectiveness, for the institutional improvement of a public school in Antioquia,
Colombia. Period 2019- 2024
Vol 3 - No 2 July - December e-ISSN 2745-1194 Pages 156-175
163
the items title, keywords and abstract. Subsequently, the information obtained was
filtered in a new table to continue the search for definitions with respect to the
categories and categorized by school. In a last table, the definitions by school and the
authors that correspond to the same definition were placed.
Results
Table 1. Most relevant authors (taken from Voswiever)
Table 1 shows, differentiated by color, the categories with which some of the selected
authors are close to, thus distinguishing green for academic management, yellow for
school management, orange for educational quality and blue for efficiency and
efficacy. The list of authors was decanted through the Vosviewer program, taking into
account the relationship between the four categories mentioned above. The columns
Systematic hermeneutic review of the analysis of the academic management process, in cohesion to school management,
educational quality and efficiency and effectiveness, for the institutional improvement of a public school in Antioquia,
Colombia. Period 2019- 2024
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title, key words, abstract, possible presence of the term and body are the places within
the documents where there is the presence of any of the categories and the number
within them denotes the presence of any of the categories in the article. The table
clearly shows that there is no author who speaks of the four categories and also allows
visualizing those of greater relevance. Želvys, R. 2021, Zheng, H. 2020, Agasisti, T.
2019, Arbona, A. 2022, Henriques, C. O. 2021 , 2022, Pal, S. 2019, only contain the
managements educational quality and efficiency and effectiveness, but very few
converge between the two.
Regarding the bibliometric analysis, we can condense the results obtained through the
mapping performed in Vosviewer as follows:
Figure 1 - Bibliographic linkage by document of the categories academic
management + school management + educational quality + efficiency and
effectiveness + education. Source. VOSviewer.
The bibliometric coupling by document shown in Figure 1 shows that there are 10
clusters, allowing us to see graphically which authors are the most relevant for the
study. The figure shows Estriegana, R, Medina-Merodio as the authors who provide
the most information regarding the possible interaction of the four categories in the
same article; other authors taken as references are Fernández-Gutiérrez, Ortaguz,
Sewell, Chan, Agasisti, among others.
Systematic hermeneutic review of the analysis of the academic management process, in cohesion to school management,
educational quality and efficiency and effectiveness, for the institutional improvement of a public school in Antioquia,
Colombia. Period 2019- 2024
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Figure 2 - Map of keyword relationships corresponding to the integration of the main
categories. Source. VOSviewer.
It is evident that the most relevant node is education and from there a significant
number of emerging issues emerge. One of them is efficiency and effectiveness, which
is synergistically linked to higher education, which shows that it is from there that
these processes are most important, which could be explained by issues such as
institutional accreditation or programs in particular. On the other hand, there is a
relationship between the above and quality, marking once again the importance of this
issue for higher education institutions, which can be seen in the ISO-type quality
certifications that universities seek in order to comply with their improvement
processes.
Some of the emerging issues regarding quality, efficiency and effectiveness in school
management and specifically in academic management have to do with education that
is not located in a specific physical space, but meets the same conditions for the
development of skills. New technologies are also revolutionizing the perceptions of
time and space (Carneiro, 2009) promoting the education we know today as online
education. Within this category, there are several types of approaches and methods
that can offer a high quality educational experience. This is how we find the online-
learning or E-learning, issues that, as a result of COVID-19, have become more
important and should be taken into account if we want to achieve educational quality
assurance through academic management.
Systematic hermeneutic review of the analysis of the academic management process, in cohesion to school management,
educational quality and efficiency and effectiveness, for the institutional improvement of a public school in Antioquia,
Colombia. Period 2019- 2024
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The information analyzed above also underwent a process of hermeneutic analysis,
resulting in the tables presented below.
Table 1. Academic management + school management + educational quality +
efficiency and effectiveness + education. Search conducted through the Scopus
database.
DOCUMENT PARAMETERS
DESCRIPTION
Search words
Academic management + school management
+ educational quality efficiency and
effectiveness + education
Unfiltered documents
6,236 documents
Filters
Years (2018 - 2024)
Subject area (social sciences, arts and
humanities)
Key words
Limit to efficiency
Limit to effectiveness
Limit to education policy
Limit to secondary education
Limit to organization and management
Limit to educational policy
Limit to quality
Results with filters
199 documents
Authors with more publications
Agasisti, T. (3 documents)
Giménez, V. (3 documents)
Marcenaro-Gutiérrez, O. D. (3 documents)
Prior, D. (3 documents)
Henriques, C. O. (2 documents)
Countries with the most publications
United States (37 documents),
United Kingdom (17 documents)
Systematic hermeneutic review of the analysis of the academic management process, in cohesion to school management,
educational quality and efficiency and effectiveness, for the institutional improvement of a public school in Antioquia,
Colombia. Period 2019- 2024
Vol 3 - No 2 July - December e-ISSN 2745-1194 Pages 156-175
167
Spain (16 Documents)
Documents by affiliation
Malaga University (4)
Autonomous University of Barcelona (4)
Harvard University (3)
Funding Sponsor
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (4)
National Natural Science Foundation of China
(4)
Malaga University (3)
General subject matter of the
documents according to abstract
Social sciences (196),
Computer Science (34)
Environmental science (33)
Based on Table 2, according to the limits established in the scopus tool (academic
management + school management + educational quality + efficiency and
effectiveness in the period 2018 - 2024, and limited to the areas of social sciences, arts
and humanities and keywords such as efficiency, effectiveness, education policy,
secondary education, organization and management, educational policy and quality)
and on the other hand, taking into account the data of 199 documents in the scopus
base, it is inferred that the English-speaking countries are those who have a greater
contribution with respect to the subject. However, it is interesting to see that two
Spanish-speaking universities are the ones with the highest affiliation in terms of
documents.
Table 2. Academic management + school management + educational quality +
efficiency and effectiveness + education. VOSviewer.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC COMMUNITY
PARAMETERS
Thematic
Systematic hermeneutic review of the analysis of the academic management process, in cohesion to school management,
educational quality and efficiency and effectiveness, for the institutional improvement of a public school in Antioquia,
Colombia. Period 2019- 2024
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Authors more closely linked to the bibliographic
databases
Most co-cited author
Category intensity
Countries with more academic management
research communities
Category Period
Sources for the bibliographic study
Mapping result
Table 3, created from the data obtained from the Voswiever program and taking into
account the limitation to the keywords Academic management + school management
+ educational quality + efficiency and effectiveness + education, shows the presence
of some authors as possible sources for the coupling of variables. On a practical level,
it is evident that in many institutions there is an effort to unify the categories, although
not always with the desired results. However, when we explore this search for cohesion
Systematic hermeneutic review of the analysis of the academic management process, in cohesion to school management,
educational quality and efficiency and effectiveness, for the institutional improvement of a public school in Antioquia,
Colombia. Period 2019- 2024
Vol 3 - No 2 July - December e-ISSN 2745-1194 Pages 156-175
169
from a theoretical perspective, we find that it is practically non-existent. So how can
we move towards improving educational quality when we are theorizing individually,
but wish to approach it as a whole?
This imbalance between practical action and theoretical reflection raises a
fundamental question: how can we, as a society and educational community, move
towards a significant improvement in educational quality? We are in a situation where,
on the one hand, tangible efforts are being made to address educational problems, but,
on the other hand, we lack a solid theoretical basis to support and guide these actions
in a holistic manner. The answer to this question is crucial, as it implies the need for a
more integrative and multidisciplinary approach to education. To move toward
effective improvement in educational quality, we must not only continue with practical
efforts, but also invest in theoretical research that explores the interconnections
between the various categories of analysis. Only through a holistic approach and a
constructive dialogue between theory and practice can we effectively address
educational challenges and aspire to educational quality assurance.
Conclusions
There is a great deal of information and documentation regarding each of the
categories of analysis (academic management, school management, efficiency and
effectiveness, educational quality) that allow us to obtain a broad view of the progress
achieved in each of them. However, a challenge arises when it comes to establishing
connections and relationships between them, since the availability of information for
this purpose is significantly limited, which denotes the lack of articulation between key
categories when talking about improving the quality of education.
Autonomous learning has become a prominent trend in the field of educational
research in current times. This trend has gained significant momentum due to the
pandemic, which forced both schools and universities to rethink and improve their
academic processes, using for this purpose technological tools such as ICT and study
guides to ensure educational continuity in digital environments. This has led to a re-
evaluation of teaching methodologies, prioritizing flexible and student-centered
approaches that foster autonomy and self-regulation. Educators have faced the
challenge of designing effective virtual learning environments and fostering
autonomous skills in students. This trend has highlighted the importance of
autonomous learning for students to manage their own learning process and has
driven greater flexibility and personalization in education.
Systematic hermeneutic review of the analysis of the academic management process, in cohesion to school management,
educational quality and efficiency and effectiveness, for the institutional improvement of a public school in Antioquia,
Colombia. Period 2019- 2024
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educational quality and efficiency and effectiveness, for the institutional improvement of a public school in Antioquia,
Colombia. Period 2019- 2024
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